Financial Glossary
Understand the essential terms of credit and financing.
Amortisation
Progressive repayment of borrowed capital over the loan's scheduled instalments.
APR (Annual Percentage Rate)
The total annual cost of a loan including interest, insurance, and fees — used to compare offers.
Borrowing capacity
Maximum amount a person can borrow based on their income and outgoings.
Broker
Intermediary who negotiates the best loan terms with banks on behalf of the borrower.
Bridging loan
Short-term loan allowing you to buy a new property before selling the current one.
Collateral
Security required by the bank to cover the risk of non-repayment, such as a mortgage or pledge.
Consumer credit
Loan for goods or services excluding real estate, capped at €75,000 in France.
Cooling-off period
14-day period during which the borrower can cancel the agreement without penalty.
Debt consolidation
Merging multiple loans into one to reduce monthly repayments.
Debt ratio
Ratio of monthly debt repayments to net income, generally capped at 35%.
Down payment
Amount the borrower invests from personal funds, reducing the amount to borrow.
Early repayment penalties
Charges applied by the bank when a loan is repaid ahead of schedule.
Fixed rate
Interest rate that stays the same throughout the loan, ensuring stable monthly payments.
Guarantee
Security demanded by the lender, such as mortgage, surety bond, or pledge.
Instalment
Periodic (usually monthly) payment combining principal and interest.
Loan smoothing
Technique to level out monthly payments when multiple loans overlap.
Loan term
Total period over which the borrower repays the loan, expressed in months or years.
Mortgage
Property-backed guarantee allowing the bank to seize the property in case of default.
ORIAS
French register of insurance, banking, and finance intermediaries, guaranteeing broker professionalism.
Processing fees
Costs charged by the bank for appraising and setting up the loan.
Remaining disposable income
Amount left each month after all charges and loan repayments.
Usury rate
Maximum legal interest rate above which a lender cannot grant a loan, set quarterly by the central bank.
Variable rate
Interest rate that fluctuates with a benchmark index, which can vary monthly payments.